Emotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership - 1250 Words

Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership What is emotional intelligence? â€Å" Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional knowledge, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote emotional and intellectual growth.† – Mayer Salovery, 1997 Emotionally intelligent leaders are somewhat manipulative. Emotionally intelligent leaders are able to achieve success in the work place because they are capable of persuading employees to comply with requests, acclimate to change, or work together collaboratively in a manner that is beneficial to the company without causing harm. Batool (2013) argues unlike intelligence quotient; emotional intelligence does not involve mathematical or logical adept. Emotional Intelligence requires the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions (Batool, 2013, p. 85). The Case Of Caroline EXAMPLE 1: Caroline has more than enough years to retire. In fact, past supervisors have openly tried to persuade her to retire because she has the years and her salary could allow the department to hire two more people. Caroline is a widow; her only son lives hundreds of miles away and just welcomed his first child with his wife. Caroline hints at retirement, but she enjoys working. Although she is a great worker, she is moody and sometimes rude. One of her main offenses is implying that herShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership768 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Candice Burnett Professor Judy Smith Mannings BUS520: Leadership and Organizational Behavior 10/31/2015 â€Æ' Abstract Emotions are a quality that each individual possess. Organizations place leaders in place that have an understanding on how to maintain emotions while in upper positions. Leadership is responsible for the emotional standard that is set throughout the organization. Growth and development leads to the success of handling proper emotionalRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership2207 Words   |  9 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership As human beings, individuals are constantly exposed to emotions. It is in our nature to feel and be emotional as our emotions contribute to our humanity. Our ability to manage and be aware of these emotions and that of others is defined to be our emotional intelligence (Boyatzis, 2014). Essentially an individual’s emotional intelligence is related to how that individual handles themselves and their relationships in an emotional sense. This entailsRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1144 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationship co-exist with emotional intelligence (EI) for effective leadership. Leadership can be described as having a social relation with personnel within an organization to support mission goals and purpose. â€Å"Emotional intelligence includes the ability to perceive, express emotions accurately and adaptively†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (as cited in Ramchunder Martins, 2014). EI is a measurement of leaders to observant of others viewpoints as well your o wn judgments and beliefs. Key leadership capabilities involves emotionsRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1426 Words   |  6 Pages Assignment 1: Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Vigilkumar C. Patel BUS520: LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Dr. Eartha Eve Barnett October 29th 2015 â€Å"Emotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership†, one of the most important constructs in leadership today is the concept and application of emotional intelligence (EI). Emotional Intelligence (EQ or EI) is a term created by two researchers named Peter Salavoy and John Mayer who developed it as a psychological theoryRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership The correlation between emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership skills is gaining interest among scholars and business leaders. These professionals are interested in determining how understanding and managing emotions of the self and others affects leadership skills. Moreover, scientists and business professionals are interested in understanding the elements of emotional intelligence. To this end, the concept of emotional intelligence integratesRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1107 Words   |  5 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to manage one’s emotions in an intelligent manner such that they do not affect the decision-making process. It is also the ability to understand other people emotions, to know the reason for their behaviors and thus be able to communicate with them (Mayer, 2006). Emotional intelligence involves one’s proficiency in realizing and then being able to behaviors, moods and impulses and thus managingRead MoreEmotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1905 Words   |  8 PagesEmotional Intelligence and Effective Leadership Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability necessary to identify, assess and control the emotions of oneself, other people or entire groups (May, 2013). It means having the skills to control one s emotions, as well as to read the room or interpret the moods and emotions of others with whom one is interacting. As a leader this is invaluable, since it is important to maximize the potential of one s staff. Getting along with others is a keyRead MoreIs Emotional Intelligence Beneficial for Effective Leadership?1509 Words   |  7 Pagesare many different definitions of what emotional intelligence is and exactly which components should be included to comprise it. The most basic model of emotional intelligence is the four branch model described by John Mayer and Peter Salovey in 1997. The key concepts included in the four branch model are: emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions an d emotional meanings, and to reflectively regulateRead MoreLeadership And Emotional Intelligence : An Effective Leader1390 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Emotional Intelligence: An effective leader is defined as a person who is followed by the others, in other words â€Å"leadership is a process of influencing others to achieve organizational goals, creating a vision for others and having the power to translate the vision into realism.† Leadership is a skill in which the leader tries to modify and shape the behavior of others. It has been understood throughout the history and culture that people had been looking towards leaders for assuranceRead MoreEmotional Intelligence : An Effective Leadership Skills Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesEmotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence (EI) is having the ability to recognize, perceive, control, and evaluate one’s emotions. EI is also the ability to see how one’s emotions affect others (Marquis Huston, 2012; Mindtool, 1996-2015). In the healthcare landscape of today, effective leadership skills are critical to an organization. High EI is a skill that effective leaders possess (Sadri, 2012). When a leader has a high EI, they have a clear understanding of their strengths and weaknesses

Organizational Behaviour - 958 Words

1. What is the importance of interpersonal skills? The importance of interpersonal skills is that you need to understand how to deal with other people and involve your acceptance of others, without prejudice in order to achieve your task. 2. What do managers do in terms of functions, roles, and skills? Management is a process that is used to accomplish organizational goals; that is, a process that is used to achieve what an organization wants to achieve. Managers are the people to whom this management task is assigned. In terms of Functions, Managers do Planning, Organizing, Directing and Controlling. To be an effective manager, it is necessary to possess many skills. Not all managers have all the skills that would make them†¦show more content†¦The consistencies allow predictability. Systematic study means looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence; that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. Systematic study replaces intuition or those gut feelings you often hear experienced managers talk about. While some of our appraisals may prove highly effective in explaining and predicting the behavior of others, we all carry with us a number of beliefs that frequently fail to explain why people do what they do. This occurs because many of the views we hold concerning human behavior are based on intuition rather than fact. There is a better way; a systematic approach to the study of behavior can improve your explanatory and predictive abilities and will uncover important facts and relationships, and provide a base from which more accurate predictions of behavior can be made. Most behavior does not occur randomly; it generally has a cause caused and direction based upon some end that the individual believes, rightly or wrongly, is in his or her best interest. Because of differences between individuals even in similar situations, people do not all act alike. 5. What are the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB? The major behavioral science disciplines thatShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior And Organizational Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe above drawn figure shows about organisational behaviour. It highlights the bonding among human behaviour in organizational settings, the individual - organization interface, the organization, the environment surrounding the organization. In an organization each and every individual brings its own experience, managerial and effective skills. Classical Organizational theory:- Popovich (2010) said that in this theory, the concentration mainly goes in how an organization can be structured inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour1455 Words   |  6 PagesIf you were CEO what would you change and why - provide your recommendation with a Before and After Organizational chart. - If you are not working at this time - use a past employer. Ans 1. Table of Content * Introduction * Discussion * Complete assessment of the company I work for – M. Muhammad Shafi amp; Co. * What would I change as the CEO and why * Organizational Charts, Before and After. * Bibliography Introduction Change is very important for any organizationRead Moreorganizational behaviour1261 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior MG6013 The exploration of the theories, research and practices that allow a better understanding of human behavior in organizations. Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesconfusion, also goes under several different names, some of which you will encounter when reading texts on the subject. The two main areas are generally called Human Resource Management (HRM) and Organisational Behaviour (OB), but the field is also sometimes called Organisational Analysis (OA), Behaviour in Organisations (BinO), Organisation Studies (OS), and a host of other names, including the practitioner area called Organisational Development (OD). There are, in fact, subtle nuances and variations inRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Issues1427 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Report- Organizational Behavior â€Å"Issues in Organizational Behaviour based on own experiences† Student No. Structure: 1. Introduction 2. Main Body and Recommendations 3. Conclusion 4. References What is Organizational Behaviour? Organizational Behaviour is nothing else than developing our understanding and development of people skills. A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behaviour, interpersonal process and organizational dynamics. DifferentRead MoreEssay about Organizational Behaviour1051 Words   |  5 Pagescom My essay will introduce the culture and organizational strategies of Amazon.com. I focus on the evolution of Amazon.com, the organization culture with the Scheins three levels of culture, the truth of working on Amazon, why is amazon so successful on the basis of organizational strategies and how to improve in the original basis. Organizational culture could be the core of the company and exists from the start of Amazon.com. Organizational culture is the shared values, beliefs, and normsRead MoreThe Development Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour3154 Words   |  13 Pages2001). Out of this comes the development of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB). OCB represents â€Å"individual behaviour that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognised by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization† (Organ 1988, p. 4). The study of OCB has become increasingly important as the prevalence, importance, and costs of counterproductive, or deviant, behaviour in the workplace have been increasingly recognisedRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour And Communication Issues Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION In this case-study for Electra Products’, I will be addressing relevant, organisational behaviour and communication issues that must be addressed in order to â€Å"revive the failing company† (Samson, 2012). Specific recommendations will be offered to further assist in focusing on the key outlined issues and what actions would be most appropriate to take from this point. Throughout the report, it is clear the attitudes of staff are becoming unfavourable and has resulted in a lack ofRead MoreRoot Metaphors as an Aid to Understanding Organizational Behaviour3097 Words   |  13 PagesRobert Allen 11500024 Root metaphors as an aid to understanding organizational behaviour and their relevance to organizations in a knowledge based economy. Introduction The use of root metaphors to provide insight into organizations seems to be seen as a useful if limited way of understanding their complex natures (Morgan, 1997) (Andriesson, 2008), which may have been more suited to the industrial age. The rise of the Knowledge Based Economy (KBE) and post-industrial organizations pose furtherRead MoreOrganizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) Essay1796 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿What is organizational citizenship? Explain the links between the various types of organizational citizenship behaviors and job-related outcomes. In what ways does organizational citizenship affect organizational performance? Illustrate with examples where appropriate. Organizational Citizenship Organizational citizenship is an organizational success that consists of supports from the volunteers of individuals and behavior (Business Dictionary 2013). Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB)

Advice and support Free Essays

string(236) " be supported and cared for in a way that meets their needs, takes account of their choices and also protects them; to communicate using their preferred methods of communication and language; and to access information about themselves\." The role of domiciliary, respite and day services that may contribute to end of life care can be resumed such as the respite care service, by; they put their life on â€Å"pause† to provide the care that is required. It’s a very important responsibility. The role of funeral directors that may contribute to end of life care is varied. We will write a custom essay sample on Advice and support or any similar topic only for you Order Now A funeral director has many responsibilities that entail preparing the body for burial, making arrangements for viewing and services and coordinating all aspects of the service. This includes making sure that the individual wishes and key people wishes are carried out including religious customs. 6. 2 The role and value of an advocate in relation to end of life care is to support and enable individuals to express their views and concerns, to access information and services, to defend and promote their rights and responsibilities, and to explore choices and options 6. 3 While using an advocate, individuals at the end of life and their key people can focus more on recuperation or end of life care rather than handling the details surrounding care. Using the services offered by an advocate can reduce individual and key people stress, lessen the chance of treatment and billing errors and help foster a greater sense of cooperation between the individual, key people, medical professionals and health insurance providers. 6. 4 Support for spiritual needs, such as religious beliefs are especially important for an individual at the end of life because during a particular difficult event of life, such as end of life that is a major event of life, the faith of an individual will help to access, with prayers, to give courage and to accept the situation. 5 A range of sources of support to address spiritual needs can be found by having access to spiritual support from your local community faith leaders. For example, if you are a member of the Christian religion, you can access spiritual support by going in your own church and determine the spiritual needs that cover your faith best. To resume, a range of sources of support to address spiritual needs means to have access to related spiritual support in accords of respect of your own beliefs, religion and culture. 7 7. 1 Line manager or Social worker: Support would best be offered by other members of he team such as, line manager or social worker, when an individual need to organise help with housework, shopping and cooking, or a personal care assistant to help with tasks such as washing and dressing. Religious representatives: Support would best be offered by other members of the team such as, religious representatives, when an individual’s religious factors or cultural beliefs may impact on the decision making process of end of life care and so it is important to determine as far as possible whether they practised any particular faith as well as being able to ascertain cultural eliefs. Specialist nurse: Support would best be offered by other members of the team such as, specialist nurse, because a specialist nurse, district nurse or GP can tell to an individual how to access these healthcare professionals and about the specific types of help and support available in the area of the individual. Occupational or other therapist: Support would best be offered by other members of the team such as, occupational or other therapist, because they can visit the individual at nome to assess whether specialist equipment that would help the ndividual to move around and to be able to do as much as possible the individual can do. . 2 Specialist palliative care nurses: Specialist palliative care nurses are experienced in assessing and treating your symptoms and also provide counselling and emotional support for you and your carers. Most specialist palliative care nurses work closely with a wider hospital or community palliative care team, which includes doctors and other healthcar e professionals. Specialist palliative care nurses are sometimes referred to as Macmillan nurses. However many Macmillan professionals are nurses ho have specialist knowledge in a particular type of cancer. You may see them when you’re at clinic or in hospital. Doctors: Doctors specialising in palliative medicine give expert medical advice on managing people with advanced disease. They work closely with palliative care nurses and may visit people at home if needed. Nurses: Some community palliative care teams have nurses who can visit you at home and provide practical care such as washing, dressing and giving drugs. A specialist palliative care nurse will usually arrange care from these nurses. Physiotherapists: Physiotherapists can help ill people to move around. They can also help with pain relief and if you have breathing problems. Counsellors: Counsellors are trained to help people in all types of situations. Seeing a counsellor can help people to understand and express their feelings, and cope better with their situation. Spiritual care coordinators or chaplains: Spiritual care coordinators or chaplains offer spiritual care and support for an individual. 8. 1 To support individual’s care through the process of dying in my own role, means I will use the correct techniques; that include; timings; hygiene; use of equipment; safe isposal; and recording information, to offer appropriate support to individuals and key people such as family, friends, carers and others with whom the individual has a supportive relationship when they have been told about the time-scales of the individual’s death and the process of their dying. I will treat the individuals with values that adherence to codes of practice or conduct where applicable to my own role and the principles and values that underpin in my work setting, including the rights of children, young people and adults. That include the rights; to be treated as n individual; to be treated equally and not be discriminated against; to be respected; to have privacy; to be treated in a dignified way; to be protected from danger and harm; to be supported and cared for in a way that meets their needs, takes account of their choices and also protects them; to communicate using their preferred methods of communication and language; and to access information about themselves. You read "Advice and support" in category "Papers" Preferred method of communication and language can include the individual’s preferred spoken language; the use of signs; symbols; pictures; writing; bjects of reference; communication passports; other non-verbal forms of communication; human and technological aids to communication. Also, I have to take into consideration, factors that may affect the health, well-being and development of individuals. Such factors may include adverse circumstances or trauma before or during birth; autistic spectrum conditions; dementia; family circumstances; frailty; harm or abuse; injury; learning disability; medical conditions (chronic or acute); men health; physical disability; physical ill health; poverty; protound or complex eeds; sensory needs; social deprivation; and substance misuse. Caring out my own role, to support an individual’s care through the process of dying, request a perfect hygiene and use of the personal protective equipment; such as apron, gloves and mask. Infection control is very important, washing of hands before and after wearing of personal protective equipment according to my workplace policy. For example; after disposed of my apron, gloves and mask in the clinical waste bin, I will washes and dry my hands thoroughly with the full hand washing technique to not contaminate myself or others. Where possible, I will promote active support that encourages individuals to do as much for themselves as possible to maintain their independence and physical ability and encourages people with disabilities to maximise their own potential and independence. I will provide individuals with privacy and facilities to meet their immediate needs and give them time to adjust to the knowledge that they are dying. I will communicate with the individuals using their preferred method of communication and language, in an appropriate manner, and at a level and pace with which they are comfortable. I will support individuals and key people to identify any information they want. I will work with others people within and outside my organisation that are necessary for me to fulfil my Job role, to enable the information requested by individuals and key people to be accessed, within confidentiality agreements and according to legal and organisational requirements, and I will complete records in ways that can be understood by all who are authorised to access them. In my own role, to support individual’s care through the process of dying, means I will provide appropriate support and time to ndividuals who wish to express their feelings and communicate their concerns and to express their beliefs and preferences about their death, but in the same time, I will avoid pressurising them to talk about their death. Where an individual finds it difficult or impossible to express their own preferences and make decisions about their life, achievement of this standard may require the involvement of advocates or others who are able to represent the views and best interests of the individual. Where there are language differences within the work setting, achievement of this tandard may require the involvement of interpreters or translation services. Some individuals that have their key people, may want to identify the people they wish to be informed about their death, so I will contact calmly and without delay, the identified people so that they can be with the individuals when they die. I will fulfil any wishes expressed by individuals that are within my own role, responsibility and competence. Appropriate action have to be take to inform others people within and outside my organisation of changes to individuals’ condition and any expressed ishes and preferences, that means I have to record and report on actions, procedures and outcomes within confidentiality agreements and according to legal and organisational requirements within my work place. Last, I have to manage appropriately any of my own feelings that have been aroused by the individual’s death. 8. Addressing any distress experienced by the individual promptly and in agreed ways through the process of dying, do echo to understand the distress due to end of life care through the process of dying for an individual. End of life care encompasses alliative care, which tocuses on managing pain and other distressing symptoms, providing psychological, social, and spiritual support to individuals, and supporting their key people such as; family members; friends; individual’s carers; and others with whom the individual has a supportive relationship. Palliative care can be provided at any stage in the progression of an individual’s illness, not only in the last days of an individual’s life when the focus of treatment has generally moved from trying to actively manage disease and prevent deterioration to managing the ndividual’s symptoms and keeping the individuals comfortable. The most difficult and sensitive decisions through the process of dying are often those around starting, or stopping, potentially life prolonging treatments such as cardio pulmonary resuscitation, renal dialysis, clinically assisted for nutrition and hydration, and mechanical ventilation. These treatments have many potential benefits including extending the lives of the individuals who otherwise might die from their underlying condition. But in some circumstances they may only prolong the process of dying or ause to the individual unnecessary distress. The benefits, burdens and risks of these treatments are not always well understood and concerns can arise about over or under treatment, particularly where there is uncertainty about the clinical effect of a treatment on the individual, or about how the benefits and burdens for that individual are being assessed. Doctors and nurses, with other members of the team, such as; line manager, religious representatives, specialist nurse, occupational or other therapist, social worker, GP, district nurses, nurses who specialise in a specific isease, specialist palliative care nurses, physiotherapists, counsellors, spiritual care coordinators or chaplains, and key people involved in the decision making process may also be unclear about what is legally and ethically permissible, especially in relation to decisions to stop a potentially life prolonging treatment. 8. To adapt support to reflect the individual’s changing needs or responses, make think why the individual needs or responses are changing. Individual’s changing needs or responses can be cause due to many factors. Be aware of possible signs of dementia in the individuals with whom you work. Dementia is a term used to describe various different brain disorders that have in common a serious loss of brain function that is usually pr ogressive and eventually severe, in an individual previously unimpaired, beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. That means, when individuals seen confused in their needs or responses, it’s can be cause of dementia. In the majority of situations, change might be in relation to; changing environments (example ward to ward, hospital to home, home or hospital to residential care); changing physical and/or mental conditions and functioning; and sudden disability. Adapt support to reflect the individual’s changing needs or responses are best meet with an Advance Care Planning. Advance Care Planning is a process of discussion between an individual and the people in their support network. It usually takes place when it is expected that an individual’s condition is likely to deteriorate and following serious deterioration, the individual may not be able to make decisions or communicate their wishes. Make decisions or communicate the wishes of the individuals, pass through by many methods of communication, including; the objects of reference; communication passports; other non verbal forms of How to cite Advice and support, Papers

Brexit Prevailing Country

Question: Discuss about the Brexit for Prevailing Country. Answer: There is a mixed feeling prevailing in the country regarding the Brexit. Some people are voting for Brexit, as they think exiting from the European Union will boost up the British economy as the freedom from the European Union will provide the British economy a lot of new chances outside Europe. Others are voting against Brexit, as they think this exit will limit their available options in the open market scenario, resulting in a net loss for the economy. The whole article is divided into several categories, namely, "the broad economy, jobs, trade, immigration, status in Europe, and position in the world." All these categories contain the arguments that have been placed so far regarding Brexit. Economists over the country have attempted to quantify the outcomes of Brexit. Some of them have argued that Brexit will cause the economy to suffer permanent losses due to weak trade structure and minor investment from the European Union. National Institute of Economic and Social Research (20 04) suggested Brexit will bring in a permanent loss in UK's GDP by 2.25 percent because of the reduction in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Jonathan Portes, an economist, raised an argument to that stating, the world economy has changed remarkably in last ten years (Allen et al. 2015). The economists from Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) suggested that there would be a fall in income around 6.3 % to 9.5 % of the current GDP. The optimists have calculated the loss around 2.2 percent of the GDP. The authors suggested that Brexit will give a burden to the economy of Britain imposing a substantial cost. According to CBI, a business group staying in the European Union will provide a benefit of 4-5% of the GDP (Thomson 2016). Figure: Impact on level of GDP. Source: International monetary Fund report. The figure above shows the forecast of International Monetary Fund on UKs economy. It is showing the difference from the base in percent for two possible scenarios. The people who are indifferent in making a choice over Brexit yet, stressed that the consequences could go either way. They said, the country's GDP will reduce by 2.2percent if the center fails to strike a deal with the European Union, but if it does succeed, Britain can gain 1.6 percent of the GDP by the year 2030. According to the economists like Roger Bootle, without a fundamental reform, staying in the European Union is not worthy enough. In the year 2012, UK paid a net worth of 9.6bn into the European Union. The CER states that even if UK is a net contributor to the European Union, but the later's regional and agricultural funding are something the country will miss. According to an optimist, Tim Congdon, UK is losing around 11.5% of its GDP per year due to being a part of the European Union. Although some people are saying Brexit will cost UK three million jobs from the trade industry, others are arguing stating the fact that those jobs are directly related to trade (Wallace, P ollack and Young 2015). Hence, an unchanged scenario in trade market will ensure the jobs to be as it is. People against Brexit fears, without the European Union the trade market will shrink for the UK, as the countries who are in trade relation with UK are mostly from the European Union. But economists like Bootle said this is hardly going to change the scenario as the chance of having a bigger world market will follow the Brexit. Even the European Union will try to strike a deal after Brexit, with Britain, as UK has an enormous role in the European Union. The immigration scenario in UK after Brexit is still in a hazy situation. Without a proper replacement of the current rules, the future is unsure. According to some people, Brexit will hurt UK's influence over Europe. But the people voting for Brexit are hoping that UK will regain its influence over the European Union with time (Dhingra, Ottaviano and Sampson 2015). No.2. According to Authors, Our current assessment is that leaving the EU would be likely to impose substantial costs on the UK economy and would be a very risky gamble. (page 2 of 10)- in light of the article and based on your own research, please explain why the authors suggest so. Can you provide a justification for the creation of European Union (hereafter EU) at the first place? According to the Brexit pessimists, Brexit will result in an increase in tariff barriers. This difference in the patterns of arrangement between the European Union and the United Kingdom will be followed by an increasing cost of trade. They suggest, 9.5 percent of the UK's GDP will be the cost of Brexit, which is equivalent to 150 billion. The scenario will be same as the 2008-09 financial crises in the United Kingdom. Britain can have unfettered practical terms of access to the enclosed market of the European Union, like the countries Switzerland and Norway do. But this has the potential of a loss of 2.2 percent per annum of their economic output, which is equal to 35 billion. Trade with the rest of the Europe has risen from 30 percent to 50 percent in a span of forty years approximately. The UK government is yet to create a sound plan regarding the European Union and the countries within it. Issues like UKs access to the European market, movement of factors of production and trade barriers are still unattended by Brexit advocates. These may result in a short-run depreciation in the pound against most major economies. Countries, who saw UK as the gateway to the European market will stop Investing in UK after Brexit. Another cost of Brexit is a reduction in the employment rate (Dhingra et al. 2016). According to the pessimists, persons who are involved in trade with other European Union members wil l lose their jobs as terms of trade with the European Union will deteriorate. Reduction in foreign domestic investment is also another cost to the UK economy according to them. This will lead to a substantial loss in the country's GDP. There will be consequences with immigration too (Booth et al. 2015). Britain might lose all the advantages it is getting from the European Union currently. "The dream of splendid isolation may turn out to be a very costly one indeed," it concludes. Figure 1: Exports and Imports of UK in EU era. Source: The National Archives, UK. The figure above shows the total export and import of services to Europe under EU era. The graph states that both export and import increased over time. As an aftermath, The European Union was formed after the Second World War. There was a common belief that those countries which trade with one another become economically interdependent. As a result of this, these countries try to avoid any conflicts which might result in a war. 28 countries united under the European Union with the goals of a political and an economic union. These countries are independent, yet they agree to trade under the agreements, which were made among the countries before. The countries in the European Union were Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Republic of Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Germany, Greece, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom (Minford et al. 2015). Recently the United Kingdom left the European Union. The European Union has created a large single market, which allowed the member nations to m ove goods and services, capital, and people freely. No barriers would exist in the form of borders and political restrictions. All these make the idea of the United States of Europe an intriguing one (Recina and Officer 2016). No.3. The article argues, The general rule is that if a country like Britain were to cherrypick and discriminate against individual EU member states, the EU would at least threaten to retaliate (page 7 of 10). Do you think that Britain, as a non-member of EU, will co-operate with the EU? Explain. The European Union has its migrants in the United Kingdom, as well as, there is a huge number of British people who are working in the member countries of the European Union. In this situation, both the authorities have to cooperate to come up with new solutions, which will make the migration process easier for the people. In reality, Britain has drawn its list of the member nations of the European Union, whose citizens will need a visa to enter the United Kingdom. This will make entering into Britain scenario terrible for the people of the countries which are poor, for example, Bulgaria and Romania (Butler, Dagnis and Snaith 2016). Citizens of these countries will face a long list of forms and regulations to get in to the United Kingdom. On the other hand, people from wealthy nations like France and Germany, which has a better tie with the British government will be able to get a visa for entering into Britain much more quickly. This theory advocates discrimination, which was the ma in avoidable point for the European Union. According to Steven Peers, a professor of EU law at the University of Essex, the European Union has a joint visa list. Britain making a list of its own will hamper the fluency of the process, disrupting the United Kingdom and the European Union's transparent immigration pattern complicated. This will lead to a complex process for the citizens of the United Kingdom applying for visa every time they try to cross the Channel (Lodge 2015). Those people of the United Kingdom who are already living in the other European Union member nations will face integration rules. They might have to qualify for certain attributes, like the requirement to speak the language of the host country, to get a long-term residency status. This will, in turn, make the situations in the borders of the United Kingdom vulnerable. The politically sensitive borders will require more attention and resources (Koutrakos 2016). Figure 2: Percentage of change in growth. Source: OECD quarterly national count. The above figure shows that the fluctuations in percentage change in real GDP growth for UK was much more high than the member countries of the European Union. Trading with the member nations of the European Union will be complicated due to this immigration process, for the United Kingdom. The trading giants will lose interest in investing their resources in Britain's market because of this complexity. Moreover, this might increase the shipping charges and cost of production for the British companies, as the free flow of goods and services, people, and resources will be hampered. If the European Union retaliates with some other strict policies for British people, the later will be a net loser (Piris 2016). This makes the United Kingdom take an interest in keeping a good relationship with the European Union. Hence, it becomes mandatory for the United Kingdom to cooperate with the European Union. This leaves the United Kingdom only the choice of being a non-member of the European Union and have good terms with the European Union (Lang 2014). No.4. Do you think that the global economy might slow down because of Brexit? Explain. Brexit has a huge role in the global economy. The consequences of Brexit can be divided into two parts, short-run and long run. Joining these two parts will bring complexity into the scenario. In the short run, Brexit will bring uncertainty over the terms of trade, employment, relationship with the European Union, etc. This uncertainty will lead to a fall in exchange rate of the United Kingdom's pound, reduction in Foreign Direct Investment, and much more. This will slow down Britain's growth in GDP (Stokstad 2016). Trade will get disrupted. Countries, which were in a trading relationship with the United Kingdom, will face complexities over trade. The United Kingdom had a huge role to play in the European Union's policies. Brexit will have adverse effects on the European Union too. The import-export market will get muddled as the whole Europe will be busy in absorbing the aftershock of Brexit. Small countries, whose GDP depend on trade with the member nations of the European Union will suffer. In the short run, the value of the pound will deteriorate making import difficult for the United Kingdom. This will decrease the demand by British people in the world market. Hence, it can be concluded that Brexit will bring in short run glitches in trade, marketing, financial services, regulation, and productivity in most of the countries' economies which are influenced by the United Kingdom (Kierzenkowski et al. 2016). Figure 3: Exports of EU and Non-EU countries. Source: Oxford Economics. The figure above shows the difference between the EU and Non-EU countries export of goods and services. In the long-run, the United Kingdom will take advantage of the deteriorated value of the pound, increasing export of the country. With time, their economy will achieve equilibrium once again. Countries with big markets influencing the world economy, like China and India has started working on this matter to avoid the aftershocks of Brexit. The reverse effects of Brexit will evaporate gradually over time. The economist, Obstfeld said, This overlay of extra uncertainty, in turn, may open the door to an amplified response of financial markets to negative shocks." According to the International Monetary Fund, Britain losing access to Europes common market and financial markets will face a reduced economic growth by 5.6 percent over the next three years. Some economists like Paul Krugman still believes that eventually the aftershocks of Brexit will phase out from global economy (Dorling 2016). References: Allen, K., Oltermann, P., Borger, J. and Neslen, A. (2015). Brexit what would happen if Britain left the EU?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/14/brexit-what-would-happen-if-britain-left-eu-european-union-referendum-uk [Accessed 31 Aug. 2016]. Booth, S., Howarth, C., Persson, M., Ruparel, R. and Swidlicki, P., 2015. What if...? The Consequences, challenges opportunities facing Britain outside EU. Open Europe Report, 3, p.15. Butler, G., Dagnis Jensen, M. and Snaith, H., 2016. Slow change may pull us apart: debating a British exit from the European Union. Journal of European Public Policy, pp.1-7. Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G. and Sampson, T., 2015. Should we stay or should we go? The economic consequences of leaving the EU. CEP Election Analysis Paper, (22). Dhingra, S., Ottaviano, G.I., Sampson, T. and Reenen, J.V., 2016. The consequences of Brexit for UK trade and living standards. Dorling, D., 2016. Brexit: the decision of a divided country. Kierzenkowski, R., Pain, N., Rusticelli, E. and Zwart, S., 2016. The Economic Consequences of Brexit. Koutrakos, P., 2016. Brexit and International Treaty-making. European law review, (1), pp.1-2. Lang, A.T., 2014. The consequences of Brexit: some complications from international law. LSE Law: Policy Briefing Paper, (3). Lodge, J. ed., 2015. European Union: European Community in Search of a Future. Springer. Minford, P., Gupta, S., Le, V.P.M., Mahambare, V. and Xu, Y., 2015. Should Britain leave the EU?: an economic analysis of a troubled relationship. Edward Elgar Publishing. Piris, J.C., 2016. If the UK votes to leave. The seven alternatives to EU membership, Centre for European Reform, London. Recina, K. and Officer, R.P., 2016. EU Referendum: The Brexit Report. Stokstad, E., 2016. Uncertainty reigns in Brexit Britain. Science, 353(6298), pp.437-437. Thomson, I., 2016. The BREXIT Debate. The United Kingdom and the European Union. A guide to information sources. April 2016. Wallace, H., Pollack, M.A. and Young, A.R. eds., 2015. Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA.